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When the Banks Said No, They Opened Banks: Collective Courage (Salon 16 Study Guide)
November 6, 2026 · 42 min
In 1865, Black caulkers and stevedores driven out of Baltimore's shipyards sold eight thousand $5 shares and ran their own yard for eighteen years. Then the ground rent doubled. Collective Courage by economist Jessica Gordon Nembhard of John Jay College, CUNY, is the book behind Metacrisis Salon #16 in Brooklyn. The guide runs about an hour: mutual aid societies that led to Black-owned banks, at least twenty-five Black people massacred in Mississippi over a co-op store, Fannie Lou Hamer's pig bank. Copies are on bookshop.org.
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